Unit 4 – Part 3

VOCABULARY

BASIC VOCABULARY FOR Unit 4 – Part 3

WORKSHEETS

• Talk About Yourself (for Unit 4) • Find the Implicit Questions (for Unit 4) • Conversation Analysis (for Unit 4) • Give Longer Answers (for Unit 4)

AUDIO TRACKS + TRANSCRIPTS

2-23

2-24

2-25

2-26

2-27

2-28

2-29

♪ 2-23 MODEL SENTENCES (p.62)

What’s a good way to go to Kumamoto? 熊本に行くには何で行くのがいいですか？	What’s a good way to go to Kumamoto? Kumamoto ni iku niwa nande ikuno ga ii desu ka?
What’s the best way to get there? そこに行くには何で行くのが一番いいですか？	What’s the best way to get there? Soko ni iku niwa nande ikuno ga ichiban ii desu ka?
Well, you should go by plane. そうですね、飛行機で行くべきです。	Well, you should go by plane. Soudesune, hikouki de iku beki dsu.
Well, you could go by plane. そうですね、飛行機で行くのがいいかもしれません。	Well, you could go by plane. Soudesune, hikouki de ikuno ga ii kamoshiremasen.
It’s faster than driving. 車で行くより速いです。	It’s faster than driving. Kuruma de iku yori hayai desu.
It’s faster and less expensive than driving. 車で行くより速くなって、より高くないです。	It’s faster and less expensive than driving. Kuruma de iku yori hayaku natte, yori takaku nai desu.
It’s faster but more expensive than driving. 車で行くより速くなりますが、より高いです。	It’s faster but more expensive than driving. Kuruma de iku yori hayaku narimasu ga, yori takai desu.
「It’s faster but more expensive than driving.」のように、旅行先までの行き方を勧めるときには、比較級をいくつか並べて使ってみましょう。長い答えを返すいい練習になります。	It’s faster but more expensive than driving. When you recommend a way to travel somewhere, you can practice making longer answers by using comparative adjectives.
プラスの意味の比較級を2つ並べて使うとき、または、マイナスの意味の比較級を2つ並べて使うときは、「and」を使います。	Use “and” to connect two positive or negative adjectives:
-It’s faster and more convenient than going by train. 電車で行くよりも早くて便利です。 -It’s slower and less reliable than flying. 飛行機で行くよりも遅いしあてになりません。	-It’s faster and more convenient than going by train. -It’s slower and less reliable than flying.
反対に、良い点の次に悪い点、あるいは悪い点の次に良い点を述べてその違いを対比させたいときには、「but」を使います。	Use “but” to point out contrasting points: good ⇒ bad or bad ⇒ good
-It’s less convenient but more fun than driving. 車で行くよりも不便ですが、より楽しいです。 -It’s faster but more expensive than taking a ferry. フェリーでいくよりも速いですが、より高いです。	-It’s less convenient but more fun than driving. -It’s faster but more expensive than taking a ferry.

♪ 2-24 MODEL SENTENCES (p.63)

How long does it take to go to Osaka? 大阪に行くのにどのくらい時間がかかりますか？	How long does it take to go to Osaka? Osaka ni iku no ni donokurai jikan ga kakarimasu ka?
How much does it cost? どのくらいお金がかかりますか？	How much does it cost? Donokurai okane ga kakarimasu ka?
Do you know how long it takes to go to Osaka? 大阪に行くのにどのくらい時間がかかるか知っていますか？	Do you know how long it takes to go to Osaka? Osaka ni iku no ni donokurai jikan ga kakaru ka shitteimasu ka?
Do you know how much it costs? どのくらいお金がかかるか知っていますか？	Do you know how much it costs? Donokurai okane ga kakaru ka shitteimasu ka?
I think it takes around two hours by shinkansen. 新幹線で2時間くらいかかると思います。	I think it takes around two hours by shinkansen. Shinkansen de 2 jikan kuraida to omoimasu.
I guess it costs over twenty-thousand yen.2 万円以上かかるだろうと思います。	I guess it costs over twenty-thousand yen. 2 manen ijyou kakaru darou to omoimasu .
It costs less than twenty-thousand yen. 2万円もかかりません。	It costs less than twenty-thousand yen. 2 manen mo kakarimasen.
It costs twenty thousand yen. 2万円かかります。	It costs twenty thousand yen. 2 manen kakarimasu.
「How much does it cost?」話の流れでどこについて話しているかが明らかな場合には、目的地の名前を付け加えない方が自然です。	How much does it cost? If the place name is understood, it sounds better if you don’t say it.

♪ 2-25 SOUNDING NATURAL NOTE: When you don’t know, say so (p.64)

Sounding Natural Note: When you don’t know, say so	Sounding Natural Note: When you don’t know, say so
日本語の会話で、「質問をされたのだけれども答えが分からない」というときには、少し黙って考えるふりをすることもありますが、それはどちらかというと相手への気遣いだとみなされます。しかし、英語で話しているときは、質問の答えが分からないからといって黙って考え込むのはよくありません。「ゴールデンルール１」でも学んだように、とにかく間を置かずに、「I don’t know.」とはっきり言った方がずっとよい印象を与えることができます。ただ、それだけではぶっきらぼうな印象を与えてしまいますので、何か短いコメントを付け加えてみましょう。例えば、「You should check the Internet.」などと解決策を提案してみたり、あるいは適当におおよその推測を話してみたりしてもよいでしょう。次の例を聞いてみてください。	In Japanese, it’s polite to spend a bit of time thinking about a question you have been asked, even if you really don’t know the answer. In English, when you are asked a question you don’t know the answer of, it’s much better to say “I don’t know” quickly rather remaining silent (Golden Rule 1).It’s nice to add a short comment after “I don’t know” to avoid sounding too abrupt. For example, you could say “You should check the Internet” or just make a very approximate guess. For example:
A: Do you know how long it takes to fly to Greece? B: I don’t know! It must be long…	A: Do you know how long it takes to fly to Greece? B: I don’t know! It must be long…
A: How much does it cost to go to Hokkaido by bus? B: Beats me! Around 10,000 yen, maybe?	A: How much does it cost to go to Hokkaido by bus? B: Beats me! Around 10,000 yen, maybe?

♪　2-27 (USA), 2-28 (UK), 2-29 (AUS) LISTENING PRACTICE (p.65)

A: I went to Kyoto last weekend (1).
B: Really? That sounds nice. How was it?
A: Oh, it was great. The weather was perfect (2), and I did a lot of sightseeing. I took the night bus.
B: Fantastic. I’d love to go there myself.
A: Yes, you should!
B: Is the night bus the best way (3) to get there?
A: Well, you could also go by train, of course. It’s more expensive but faster (4) than the bus.
B: I see… How long does it take by bus?
A: Um, around six hours.
B: And do you know how long it takes (5) by train?
A: I’m not sure (6). Maybe two or three hours?
B: Wow, that’s fast!
A: Yes, but it’s much more expensive (7). The night bus costs only 8,000 yen round trip (UK: return).